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Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2001;33:576-584.
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Physical activity and fat-free and fat mass by bioelectrical impedance in 3853 adults.
U. G. Kyle, G. Gremion, L. Genton, D. O. Slosman, A. Golay, C. Pichard.
Division of Clinical Nutrition, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva,
Switzerland.
Abstract; Objective: To determine the effects of regular physical activity
on body composition, as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA),
in a large Caucasian population of healthy subjects between 15 and 64 yr of
age, and to observe the cross-sectional changes in body composition with
increasing age.
Design: Cross-sectional comparison between sedentary and physically active
adults (at least 3 h x wk(-1) at moderate or hard intensity level activity)
during aging.
Subjects: A total of 3853 healthy adults (1036 sedentary and 1019 physically
active men, and 1280 sedentary and 518 physically active women) between 15
and 64 yr of age.
Measurements: Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat-free mass
(FFM), fat mass, and % fat mass measured by 50-kHz BIA.
Results: Higher weight in older sedentary adults was due to a higher fat
mass. In 55 to 64-yr-olds compared with 25 to 34-yr-olds, fat mass was 5.5
kg (P < 0.0001) higher in sedentary and 0.6 kg (P < 0.3) higher in
physically active men, and 4.5 kg (P < 0.0001) and 2.0 kg (P < 0.04) higher
in sedentary and physically active women, respectively. Physical activity
was able to limit fat mass and weight gain in men over 25 yr of age and in
women until 54 yr of age. Endurance type physical activity was not
associated with increased FFM. For the same BMI, sedentary men and women
have < 0.7 kg (P < 0.001) higher fat mass than physically active men and
women.
Conclusion: Therefore, the benefits of physical activity seem to include
maintenance or prevention of an increase of BMI that in turn correlates with
prevention of a fat mass increase for physically active subjects.
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